ASTM A312 TP 316/316L stainless steel tubes are a part of the ASTM A312 standard, which delineates specifications for seamless and welded pipes made from stainless steel. These tubes are constructed using stainless steel grades 316 and 316L, alloys widely recognized for their corrosion resistance properties, particularly in challenging and corrosive environments. Stainless steel grade 316 boasts an austenitic structure and consists of key elements like chromium (16-18%), nickel (10-14%), and molybdenum (2-3%).
This combination imparts remarkable corrosion resistance, particularly in environments containing chlorides and acids. On the other hand, grade 316L is a modified version with lower carbon content, enhancing its weldability while also minimizing the risk of sensitization and intergranular corrosion. The versatility of ASTM A312 TP 316/316L tubes is exemplified by their diverse applications across various industries.
Their corrosion resistance, combined with good mechanical properties, renders them suitable for deployment in sectors such as chemical processing, petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and food and beverage production. Moreover, their adaptability to marine environments, where corrosion can be a major concern, makes them crucial in shipbuilding and offshore structures. In the architectural realm, they are employed for creating decorative elements, facades, and railings.
Specification | Description |
Standard | ASTM A312 |
Material Grade | 316 (UNS S31600) and 316L (UNS S31603) |
Manufacturing Method | Seamless and Welded |
Sizes | NPS 1/8" to NPS 30" (Nominal Pipe Size) |
Schedule | 5S, 10S, 40S, 80S, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160, XXS |
Heat Treatment | Annealing or Solution Annealing followed by Quenching and Tempering (if required) |
Applications | Chemical processing, petrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, food and beverage, marine environments, architectural features |
Weldability | Good, with enhanced weldability in 316L due to lower carbon content |
Temperature Range | Suitable for high-temperature applications, including heat exchangers and process piping |
Handling | Follow recommended guidelines for handling, fabrication, and installation |
Reference Standard | Always refer to the latest version of the ASTM A312 standard for precise and up-to-date information |
Element | Grade 316 Composition (%) | Grade 316L Composition (%) |
Chromium | 16.0 - 18.0 | 16.0 - 18.0 |
Nickel | 10.0 - 14.0 | 10.0 - 14.0 |
Molybdenum | 2.0 - 3.0 | 2.0 - 3.0 |
Carbon | 0.08 max | 0.03 max |
Silicon | 1.00 max | 1.00 max |
Manganese | 2.00 max | 2.00 max |
Phosphorus | 0.045 max | 0.045 max |
Sulfur | 0.030 max | 0.030 max |
Mechanical Property | Grade 316 |
Tensile Strength | ≥ 515 MPa (≥ 74,700 psi) |
Yield Strength (0.2% Offset) | ≥ 205 MPa (≥ 29,700 psi) |
Elongation | ≥ 40% |
Hardness (Brinell) | ≤ 187 HB |
Modulus of Elasticity | 200 GPa (29 x 10^6 psi) |
Poisson's Ratio | 0.30 |
Pharmaceutical Equipment | Chemical Equipment |
Sea Water Equipment | Heat Exchangers |
Heat Exchangers | Gas Processing |
Condensers | Specialty Chemicals |
Pulp and Paper Industry | Pharmaceuticals |
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